It is estimated that at least 8 million older adults have a speech, language or hearing disorder that affects daily communication abilities, and some may have more than one condition, according to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. May is National Speech-Language-Hearing Month, a time to raise awareness about these disorders and the ways they impact individuals and their families. Because communication is at the heart of how we connect with others, express our needs and maintain independence — experiencing challenges in these areas can have a significant impact on quality of life. Speech-language therapists have a critical role to play in assessing, diagnosing, and treating these disorders to help individuals regain function, improve confidence and safety, reconnect with family and friends, and be an active participant in the moments that matter most.
Understanding Speech, Language and Hearing Disorders
Speech, language and hearing disorders span a wide range, from having difficulties producing speech, understanding or processing language or hearing language clearly. They also include swallowing disorders, known as dysphagia. Some older adults can have more than one disorder, such as hearing loss and difficulties understanding or processing language.
Speech and Language Disorders
Speech disorders occur when a person has difficulty producing sounds clearly or speaking fluently. As we age, changes in our voice sometimes occur that can impact speech volume or clarity and make it difficult to be understood. Language disorders, on the other hand, affect how we understand and use words, follow conversations, and express thoughts and ideas. These challenges can impact both spoken and written communication and may make everyday interactions more challenging and frustrating.
Cognitive-Communication Disorders
Cognitive-communication disorders impact thinking skills that support communication, including memory, attention, organization and problem-solving. These difficulties can occur as a result of a stroke, brain injury or dementia and can affect a person’s ability to manage daily tasks, participate in conversations or make decisions.
Hearing Loss
Hearing plays a critical role in communication, so when it is impaired, it can become harder to understand speech, especially in noisy environments. Many older adults experience hearing loss, and some are reluctant to use hearing aids. Over time, untreated hearing loss can lead to frustration, withdrawal and reduced social engagement, making it more difficult to stay connected with others. This isolation can also lead to cognitive decline and depression.
Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia)
Swallowing disorders, known as dysphagia, can be the result of illness, surgery or injury and may make eating and drinking unsafe. Individuals with this condition are at risk of choking, and without proper care, dysphagia can lead to serious health concerns, including malnutrition, dehydration and respiratory complications.
How Do Speech-Language Therapists Help Seniors with Speech, Language and Hearing Disorders?
Speech-language therapists in Virginia are trained to evaluate and treat speech, language, hearing and swallowing disorders. They assess, diagnose and create individualized therapy plans to help improve communication skills, strengthen cognitive abilities and help ensure safe swallowing. They work with individuals who have experienced strokes or brain injuries, or who have conditions like Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, ALS, dementia or hearing loss to help them improve speech, language processing, cognition, and safe swallowing.
Treatment will vary depending on the condition or conditions an individual is experiencing, but it can include:
- Exercises to strengthen the mouth muscles.
- Breathing exercises for greater control of the mouth and tongue.
- Perception exercises, such as ones to differentiate between certain sounds and syllables.
- Repeating sounds and practicing correct mouth movements.
- Exercises to make certain sounds and improve the fluency of speech.
- Changing the diet to softer or pureed foods for easier swallowing and eating.
- Help with understanding verbal and social cues and using these measures in everyday life.
- Finding other ways to communicate if needed, such as with a letter or picture board, a communication device, computer-assisted speech or sign language for those with hearing disorders.
As speech-language therapists treat specific speech, language and hearing conditions, they help older adults reconnect with family and friends and feel like they can participate socially and be part of the conversation instead of feeling isolated. They build confidence in individuals who have struggled to make their voice heard, but can now express their needs, wants and experiences and they help individuals with swallowing disorders enjoy eating safely and regain independence.
Trio Healthcare Supports Recovery, Reconnection and a Higher Quality of Life
At Trio Healthcare, our speech-language therapy services in Virginia are tailored to meet the specific needs and goals of each individual, helping them to improve their overall quality of life and keep the lines of communication open. We also offer physical and occupational therapy and skilled nursing services to help seniors recover from illnesses, injuries or hospitalizations and get back to the active life they love. Contact us for more information.